Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ North Pacific (ETNP) bụ nnukwu mpaghara ikuku oxygen kacha nta (OMZ) nke na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike (OMZ) nke na-ewe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke mpaghara OMZ zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ime isi OMZ (ihe dị ka omimi mita 350–700), ikuku oxygen gbazere agbaze na-adịkarị nso ma ọ bụ n'okpuru oke nchọpụta nyocha nke sensọ ọgbara ọhụrụ (ihe dị ka n10 nM). Nha oxygen dị elu n'elu na n'okpuru isi OMZ na-eduga na nhazi kwụ ọtọ nke obodo nje bacteria nke na-adịkwa iche n'etiti akụkụ nha nke ihe ndị metụtara (PA) na nke dị ndụ n'efu (FL). N'ebe a, anyị na-eji usoro 16S amplicon (iTags) iji nyochaa ọdịiche na nkesa nke ọnụọgụgụ prokaryotic n'etiti akụkụ nha FL na PA na n'etiti ọnọdụ redox gburugburu. Ọnọdụ mmiri na mpaghara ọmụmụ anyị dị iche na nke akọwara na mbụ na ETNP na OMZ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ETSP. Ngụkọta oxygen (ihe dị ka 0.35 μM) dị n'ime isi OMZ n'ebe anyị na-anwale ihe. N'ihi ya, mkpokọta nitrite ndị a na-akọkarị maka isi OMZ adịghịkwa, dịka usoro maka nje bacteria anammox (ụdị Brocadiales).CandidatusScalindua), nke a na-ahụkarị n'ofe oke oxic-anoksic na sistemụ ndị ọzọ. Agbanyeghị, nkesa ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) na archaea (AOA) na oke oke assimilation carbon autotrophic (1.4 μM C d–1) dakọtara na oke mkpokọta ammonium dị nso n'elu isi OMZ. Na mgbakwunye, ndị otu nke ụdị genus ahụNitrospina, otu ihe dị mkpa na-egosi na ma ammonia na nitrite oxidizing bacterial (NOB) na-eme na trace oxygen concentrations. Nyocha nke ule myirịta (ANOSIM) na Non-metric Dimensional Scaling (nMDS) gosiri na ihe nnọchianya nke nje bacteria na archaeal phylogenetic dị iche na nke dị n'etiti oke nha. Dabere na profaịlụ ANOSIM na iTag, nhazi nke nchịkọta PA emetụtaghị usoro biogeochemical dabere na omimi karịa nke FL fraction. Dabere na ọnụnọ nke AOA, NOB na trace oxygen na isi OMZ, anyị na-atụ aro na nitrification bụ usoro na-arụ ọrụ na usoro nitrogen nke mpaghara a nke ETNP OMZ.
Okwu Mmalite
N'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe na-aga n'ihu na ihe omume ụmụ mmadụ n'ógbè, oke ikuku oxygen agbazela na-ebelata n'oké osimiri na sistemụ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri (Breitburg na ndị otu ya, 2018). Atụmatụ mfu oxygen sitere n'oké osimiri mepere emepe n'ime afọ 60 gara aga karịrị 2% (Schmidtko na ndị otu ya, 2017), na-akpata nchegbu gbasara ihe ga-esi na mgbasawanye mpaghara ikuku oxygen gwụchaa pụta (Paulmier na Ruiz-Pino, 2009). OMZs nke oké osimiri mepere emepe na-etolite mgbe mmepụta isi elu elu na-akwalite mkpa oxygen dị na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke karịrị ọnụego ikuku anụ ahụ na omimi. Njupụta oxygen na kọlụm mmiri OMZ nwere ike inwe gradients dị elu (oxycline) n'elu na n'okpuru isi oxygen na-agwụ ike, na-emepụta hypoxic (nke na-adịkarị n'etiti 2 na ~90 μM), suboxic (<2 μM) na anoxic (n'okpuru oke nchọpụta (~10 nM) oyi akwa nke nha dị iche iche (Bertagnolli na Stewart, 2018Ngụkọta ikuku oxygen na-eduga n'usoro kwụ ọtọ nke obodo metazoan na nje bacteria na usoro biogeochemical n'akụkụ oxyclines ndị a sara mbara (Belmar na ndị otu ya, 2011).
E dekọrọ ụfọdụ n'ime oke kachasị elu nke mfu nitrogen na OMZs nke Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) na South Pacific (ETSP) (Calbeck na ndị otu ya, 2017;Penn na ndị otu ya, 2019), Osimiri Cariaco nke a na-ekewaghị ekewa (Montes na ndị otu ya, 2013), Oké Osimiri Arabia (Ward na ndị otu ya, 2009), na OMZ nke sistemụ elu ụlọ Benguela (Kuypers na ndị otu ya, 2005N'ime sistemụ ndị a, usoro nje bacteria nke canonical denitrification (mbelata heterotrophic nke nitrate gaa na nitrogen intermediates na mgbe mgbe gaa na dinitrogen gas) na anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) na-eduga na mfu nitrogen nke nwere ike igbochi mmepụta mbụ (Ward na ndị otu ya, 2007Ọzọkwa, a na-eme atụmatụ na mwepụta nitrous oxide nke oke osimiri (gas dị ike nke sitere na microbial denitrification nke na-eme na OMZs ga-abụ ihe kpatara ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ikuku nitrous oxide eke zuru ụwa ọnụ (Naqvi na ndị otu ya, 2010).
ETNP OMZ bụ nnukwu mpaghara ikuku oxygen na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-esiwanye ike, nke na-ewe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke mpaghara OMZ zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị n'etiti 0-25°N latitude na 75 na 180°W longitude (Paulmier na Ruiz-Pino, 2009;Schmidtko na ndị otu ya, 2017N'ihi mkpa ha dị na gburugburu ebe obibi, a mụọla nke ọma gbasara ihe gbasara biogeochemistry na ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche nke mpaghara ETNP OMZ dị iche iche (dịka ọmụmaatụ,Beman na Carolan, 2013;Duret na ndị otu ya, 2015;Ganesh na ndị otu ya, 2015;Chronopoulou na ndị otu ya, 2017;Ngwugwu na ndị otu ya, 2015;Peng na ndị otu ya, 2015). Ọmụmụ ihe ndị gara aga na-akọ na ikuku oxygen gbazere agbaze na isi OMZ a (mita dị ihe dịka 250–750 m) na-adịkarị nso ma ọ bụ dị ala karịa oke nchọpụta nyocha (ihe dịka 10 nM) (Tiano na ndị otu ya, 2014;Garcia-Robledo na ndị otu ya, 2017Agbanyeghị, n'akụkụ ugwu nke OMZ nke ETNP (ebe ọmụmụ ihe dị ihe dịka 22°N) oke ikuku oxygen na 500 m nwere ike iru nkezi kwa afọ n'etiti 10 na 20 μM (Paulmier na Ruiz-Pino, 2009; Data sitere na World Ocean Atlas 2013)1N'oge mkpọsa ubi akọpụtara ebe a, anyị tụrụ oxygen dị na isi OMZ na oke zuru oke (0.35 μM) iji kwado usoro nje aerobic, dị ka ammonium na nitrite oxidation, ma gbochie ụfọdụ usoro nje anaerobic dị mkpa. Achọpụtala usoro nje aerobic na mbụ na oyi akwa yiri ka ọ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma nke ETNP OMZ (Peng na ndị otu ya, 2015;Garcia-Robledo na ndị otu ya, 2017;Penn na ndị otu ya, 2019Agbanyeghị, a ghọtabeghị ihe ndị na-achịkwa nkesa na ọrụ nke otu ọrụ dị iche iche nke obere nje dị na OMZs.
Enwere ike ịkọwa ọnụnọ nke nitrifiers ebe a na-anaghị achọpụta oxygen na OMZ site na mgbanwe ndị na-adịbeghị anya na ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ nke oxycline n'ihi ikuku oxygen kwụ ọtọ nke episodic, nke nwere ike ibute ọkwa oxygen trace n'ime isi OMZ (Muller-Karger na ndị otu ya, 2001;Ulloa na ndị otu ya, 2012;Garcia-Robledo na ndị otu ya, 2017). Ndị na-eme ka ihe ndị dị otú ahụ dị obere nwere ike iji ọnọdụ ndị a mee ihe site n'aka ndị na-eme ka ihe dị ndụ dị ka aerobic ma ọ bụ microaerophilic, gụnyere nitrifiers. Ọzọkwa, ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ mmiri site na epipelagic (mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a chịkọtara, pellets nsị, na ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya) nwere ike ịnwe ọkwa oxygen (Ganesh na ndị otu ya, 2014Ya mere, enwere ike ibuga oxygen na nje aerobic gaa na mmiri ndị ọzọ na-adịghị anabata oxygen, na-ekwe ka metabolism aerobic mee nwa oge na njikọ ya na ihe ndị ahụ. A maara na ihe ndị ahụ bụ ebe nje bacteria na-agbagharị na biogeochemical (Saịmọn na ndị otu ya, 2002;Ganesh na ndị otu ya, 2014) ma nwee ike ịkwado ọdịiche dị n'etiti usoro nje anaerobic ma ọ bụ aerobic nke a na-ahụghị n'ọnọdụ nnwere onwe (Alldredge na Cohen, 1987;Wright na ndị otu ya, 2012;Suter na ndị otu ya, 2018).
N'ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị na-enyocha obodo prokaryotic bi n'akụkụ ugwu nke OMZ nke ETNP na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke nwere ike imetụta nkesa ha kwụ ọtọ site na iji usoro 16S amplicon (iTags) yana ọnụ ọgụgụ multivariate. Anyị lere akụkụ nha abụọ; akụkụ free-living (0.2–2.7 μm), na akụkụ metụtara ihe (>2.7 μm, na-ejide ihe ndị dị ndụ yana mkpụrụ ndụ protistan) n'ọtụtụ omimi n'akụkụ oxycline nke dabara na ọnọdụ redox dị iche iche.
Anyị nwere ike inye ihe mmetụta oxygen agbazere agbaze na paramita dị iche iche, ka e wee nwee ike nyochaa mkpokọta molekul n'oge. Nnọọ ka ịkpọtụrụ anyị.
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Oge ozi: Julaị-05-2024