Saudi Arabia, ebe ike zuru ụwa ọnụ na akụ na ụba na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ọma n'okpuru atụmatụ "Ọhụụ 2030", na-etinye uche na nchekwa, arụmọrụ ọrụ, na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ya. N'ọnọdụ a, ihe mmetụta gas na-eje ozi dị ka teknụzụ dị mkpa maka nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi, nkwenye nchekwa, na njikwa usoro. Akwụkwọ a na-enye nyocha miri emi nke ikpe ngwa na ọnọdụ kpọmkwem maka ihe mmetụta gas n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa na Saudi Arabia.
I. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala dị mkpa maka ngwa
- Nchekwa Mbụ: Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, gas, na petrochemical dị na Saudi Arabia na-ejikwa nnukwu gas ndị na-ere ọkụ, mgbawa, na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu. Ntufu gas bụ isi ihe na-akpata ọkụ, mgbawa, na nsị ndị ọrụ. Nlekota gas nke ọma n'oge a bụ ụzọ dị mkpa iji gbochie ọdachi.
- Nrubeisi Gburugburu Ebe Obibi: Ka ụwa niile na-elekwasị anya na nkwado, Ministri nke Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Mmiri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Saudi Arabia (MEWA) etinyela ụkpụrụ siri ike nke mwepụta ikuku. Ihe mmetụta gas bụ ngwaọrụ dị mkpa maka inyocha gas griinhaus (dịka ọmụmaatụ, CH₄), ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, SO₂, NOx), na ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe (VOCs) iji hụ na iwu kwadoro.
- Nhazi na Nchekwa Akụ: N'ime usoro mmepụta ihe, ntinye nke gas kpọmkwem na-emetụta arụmọrụ na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa ozugbo. Ọzọkwa, gas ndị na-emebi emebi dịka Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) nwere ike imebi nnukwu paịpụ na akụrụngwa. Ileba anya na gas ndị a na-eme ka mmepụta dịkwuo mma, na-agbatị ndụ ihe onwunwe, ma na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa mmezi.
- Ahụike Ọrụ: N'ebe ndị a na-anaghị ekpofu ihe, tankị nchekwa, ebe a na-ekpofu ihe mkpofu, enweghị ikuku oxygen ma ọ bụ mkpokọta gas ndị na-emerụ ahụ na-etinye ndị ọrụ n'ihe ize ndụ dị egwu. Ihe mmetụta gas ndị a na-ebugharị ebugharị na ndị a na-edozighị emechi na-enye ịdọ aka ná ntị dị mkpa n'oge.
II. Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa Banyere Ngwa Ụlọ Ọrụ na Ọmụmụ Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa
1. Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas
Nke a bụ ngalaba kachasị ukwuu ma na-achọsi ike maka ngwa ihe mmetụta gas na Saudi Arabia.
- Nnyocha na Mmepụta Elu:
- Ihe atụ: Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, isi olulu mmiri, ebe a na-ezukọta ihe.
- Gas Ndị A Na-enyocha: Gas ndị na-ere ọkụ (LEL - Oke Mgbawa Dị Ala), Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), Oxygen (O₂).
- Ọmụmụ Ihe: N'ebe mmanụ Ghawar dị na Eastern Province, a na-etinye ọtụtụ puku ihe nchọpụta gas a kapịrị ọnụ n'ebe ndị dị n'akụkụ olulu mmiri na njikọ pipeline, na-emepụta netwọk nlekota dị oke njọ. Ọ bụrụ na achọpụta mmiri methane (CH₄) n'elu oke edobere (nke na-abụkarị 20-25% LEL), sistemụ ahụ na-akpali mkpu a na-anụ na nke a na-ahụ anya ozugbo, na-eme ka sistemụ Emergency Shutdown (ESD) rụọ ọrụ na akpaghị aka iji kewapụ mmiri ahụ, ma na-eziga data na ụlọ njikwa etiti maka nzaghachi mberede. Nlekota nke H₂S nke na-egbu egbu chọrọ ezigbo nkenke (ọtụtụ mgbe na ọkwa ppm) iji hụ na nchekwa ndị ọrụ.
- Nrụzi nke etiti na nke dị n'okpuru ala:
- Ihe atụ: Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, ọkpọkọ mmiri, ebe a na-echekwa tankị.
- A Na-enyocha Gas: Na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị dị n'elu, a na-enyocha ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe (VOCs) (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Benzene, Toluene), Amonia (NH₃), na Chlorine (Cl₂).
- Ọmụmụ Ihe: N'ime nnukwu ogige petrochemical dị na Jubail ma ọ bụ Yanbu, a na-etinye sistemụ nlekota gas dị iche iche gburugburu ebe mgbawa catalytic na hydrotreating units. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ugbo tankị, ihe mmetụta Infrared (IR) Open-Path na-emepụta "ogige eletrọniki" a na-adịghị ahụ anya iji chọpụta ikuku VOC gbapụrụ agbapụ, na-egbochi ikuku mgbawa ma na-ahụ na e rubeere gburugburu ebe obibi. N'akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ndị nyocha SO₂ na-enye data mwepụ na-aga n'ihu iji hụ na e rubeere iwu MEWA.
2. Ngwa na Mmepụta Ike
- Ihe atụ: Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik (karịsịa ebe a na-eji gas turbine eme ihe), ebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ala, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri mkpofu.
- Gas Ndị A Na-enyocha: Gas ndị na-ere ọkụ (CH₄), Hydrogen (H₂) (maka oyi jenereta), Ozone (O₃), Chlorine (Cl₂) (maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri), Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) (emepụtara na nsị mmiri na usoro ọgwụgwọ).
- Ọmụmụ Ihe: N'ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ike dị ukwuu na Riyadh, a na-eji ihe mmetụta catalytic bead ma ọ bụ IR eme ihe nke ọma iji nyochaa mmiri methane na-agbapụta n'ime ụlọ turbine na ebe ndị na-achịkwa gas eke. Ka ọ dịgodị, n'ime ọwara waya na okpuru ụlọ, ihe nchọpụta edoziri emezi na-egbochi mgbawa sitere na gas ndị na-ere ọkụ nke ngwa eletriki na-ekpo oke ọkụ na-emepụta. N'ebe a na-arụ ọrụ mmiri mkpofu dị nso, ndị ọrụ ga-eji ihe nchọpụta gas dị iche iche iji lelee ọkwa dị mma nke O₂, LEL, H₂S, na CO tupu ha abanye n'ebe ndị a na-anaghị echekwa mmiri dịka tankị sedimentation, na-agbaso usoro ntinye.
3. Ụlọ na Akụrụngwa Obodo
- Ihe atụ: Ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ọwara mmiri, ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ.
- Gas Ndị A Na-enyocha: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) (karịsịa site na ikuku ụgbọala).
- Ọmụmụ Ihe: N'ebe ndị a na-adọba ụgbọala n'okpuru ala buru ibu na Riyadh ma ọ bụ Jeddah, a na-ejikọkarị sistemụ ikuku na ihe mmetụta CO. Mgbe ọkwa dị elu ruru ọkwa edobere (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 50 ppm), ihe mmetụta ahụ na-eme ka ndị na-ekupụ ikuku na-arụ ọrụ na akpaghị aka iji weta ikuku dị ọcha ruo mgbe a ga-eweghachi ọkwa nchekwa, na-echebe ahụike nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị ọrụ.
4. Ịgwupụta ihe na ịrụ ọrụ igwe
- Ihe atụ: Ebe a na-egwupụta phosphate, ebe a na-egwupụta ọlaedo, na ebe a na-agbaze ihe.
- A Na-enyocha Gas: E wezụga gas ndị na-egbu egbu na ndị na-ere ọkụ, gas ndị a na-ahazi dịka Phosphine (PH₃) na Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) chọrọ nlekota.
- Ọmụmụ Ihe: Na obodo mmepụta ihe nke Wa'ad Al-Shamal phosphate, usoro mmepụta fatịlaịza nwere ike imepụta PH₃. Ihe mmetụta PH₃ nke elektrọnik ma ọ bụ semiconductor arụnyere n'ebe usoro na ebe nchekwa na-enye nchọpụta mmiri mmiri n'oge, na-egbochi mkpughe nke ndị ọrụ.
III. Usoro Teknụzụ na Echiche Ọdịnihu
Ngwa nchọpụta gas na Saudi Arabia na-agbanwe gaa na ọgụgụ isi na njikọta ka mma:
- IoT na Digitalization: Ihe mmetụta na-agbanwe site na nkeji mkpu nkeonwe gaa na ebe data netwọk. Site na iji teknụzụ ikuku dị ka LoRaWAN na 4G/5G, a na-ebufe data n'oge na-adịghị anya gaa na ikpo okwu igwe ojii maka nlekota anya n'ebe dị anya, nyocha data buru ibu, na mmezi amụma.
- Nnyocha UAV na Robot: N'ebe buru ibu ma ọ bụ dị ize ndụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, paịpụ ndị dị anya, nnukwu mkpokọta), drones nke nwere ihe mmetụta dị ka ihe nchọpụta methane laser na-eme nyocha dị irè ma dị nchebe, na-achọpụta ngwa ngwa ebe mmiri na-agbapụta.
- Teknụzụ Nchọpụta Elu: A na-eji teknụzụ ndị a na-ahọrọ nke ọma dịka Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) na Photoionization Detectors (PID maka VOCs) eme ihe iji mezuo ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa siri ike.
- Njikọta AI: Algọridim AI nwere ike inyocha ụkpụrụ data sensọ iji mata ihe iyi egwu dị adị na mkpu ụgha (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mkpu sitere na ikuku dizel) ma buo amụma ọdịda akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ usoro mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ime.
Mmechi
N'okpuru "Ọhụụ 2030" nke Saudi Arabia, nke na-akwalite mmụba akụ na ụba na imeziwanye mmepụta ihe, ihe mmetụta gas aghọwo ihe nchebe dị mkpa maka nchekwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ya bụ isi na mmezu nke mmepe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-adịgide adịgide. Site na nnukwu ubi mmanụ ruo n'obodo ukwu nke oge a, ndị nche a na-adịghị ahụ anya na-arụ ọrụ awa 24 kwa ụbọchị, na-echebe ndị ọrụ, na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi, na-emeziwanye mmepụta. Ha na-etolite ntọala dị mkpa maka ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ Saudi, ojiji ha ga-anọgidekwa na-agbasa n'ime omimi na n'obosara ka teknụzụ na-agbanwe.
Set zuru oke nke sava na modulu ikuku ngwanrọ, na-akwado RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Oge ozi: Sep-17-2025