Àgwà nke Oge Mmiri Plum na Mkpa Nleba Anya nke Mmiri Ozuzo
Mmiri ozuzo plum (Meiyu) bụ ihe pụrụ iche nke mmiri ozuzo e kere n'oge ọdịda anyanwụ nke oge ọkọchị nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, nke na-emetụtakarị mpaghara Osimiri Yangtze nke China, Agwaetiti Honshu nke Japan, na South Korea. Dịka ọkọlọtọ mba China si kwuo "Meiyu Monitoring Indicators" (GB/T 33671-2017), enwere ike kewaa mpaghara mmiri ozuzo plum nke China n'ime mpaghara atọ: Jiangnan (I), Middle-Lower Yangtze (II), na Jianghuai (III), nke ọ bụla nwere ụbọchị mmalite dị iche iche - mpaghara Jiangnan na-abanyekarị oge Meiyu na nkezi na June 9, nke na-esote Middle-Lower Yangtze na June 14, na Jianghuai na June 23. Mgbanwe oge a na-eme ka a chọọ maka nlekota mmiri ozuzo sara mbara, na-aga n'ihu, na-enye ohere sara mbara maka ngwa maka ihe nlele mmiri ozuzo.
Oge mmiri ozuzo plum nke afọ 2025 gosiri usoro mmalite mbụ—ógbè Jiangnan na Middle-Lower Yangtze batara na Meiyu na June 7 (ụbọchị 2-7 tupu oge ọ bụla), ebe mpaghara Jianghuai malitere na June 19 (ụbọchị 4 tupu oge ahụ). Ndị a bịara n'oge mbụ mere ka mgbochi idei mmiri dịkwuo ngwa ngwa. Mmiri ozuzo plum na-egosi ogologo oge, oke ike, na mkpuchi sara mbara—dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri ozuzo Middle-Lower Yangtze nke afọ 2024 gafere nkezi akụkọ ihe mere eme karịa 50%, ebe ụfọdụ mpaghara na-enwe "Meiyu dị egwu" na-akpata oke idei mmiri. N'ọnọdụ a, nlekota mmiri ozuzo ziri ezi na-aghọ isi ihe dị mkpa maka mkpebi njikwa idei mmiri.
Nleba anya n'oge mmiri ozuzo nwere oke mgbochi dị ukwuu: obere ugboro nha (karịsịa ugboro 1-2 kwa ụbọchị), nnyefe data nwayọ, na enweghị ike ijide nnukwu mmiri ozuzo nwa oge. Ihe nlele mmiri ozuzo nke oge a na-eji usoro ịtụnye ma ọ bụ ịtụnye ihe na-eme ka nlekota nkeji site na nkeji ruo na nkeji ma ọ bụ ọbụna nke abụọ site na sekọnd na-eme ka nnyefe data dị mfe, yana nnyefe data n'oge na-enweghị waya na-eme ka oge na izi ezi dịkwuo mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, sistemụ nlele mmiri ozuzo nke ịtụnye ihe na Yongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir na Zhejiang na-ebuga data ozugbo na ikpo okwu mmiri nke mpaghara, na-enweta nlekota mmiri "dị mma ma dị irè".
Ihe ịma aka teknụzụ dị mkpa gụnyere: ịnọgide na-enwe ezi uche n'oge oke mmiri ozuzo (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 660mm n'ime ụbọchị atọ na Hubei's Taiping Town na 2025—1/3 nke mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ); ntụkwasị obi ngwaọrụ na gburugburu ebe mmiri dị; na ebe a na-etinye ọdụ n'ala dị mgbagwoju anya. Ihe nlele mmiri ozuzo nke oge a na-edozi ndị a site na iji ihe igwe anaghị agba nchara na-egbochi ire ere, ihe mgbochi tipping-bucket abụọ, na ike anyanwụ. Netwọk dị oke egwu nke IoT na-emelite data mmiri ozuzo kwa nkeji ise site na ọdụ iri na otu.
Ihe pụrụ iche bụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-akawanye njọ na Meiyu—mmiri ozuzo Meiyu nke afọ 2020 ruru 120% karịa nkezi (nke kachasị elu kemgbe 1961), nke chọrọ ihe nlele mmiri ozuzo nwere oke nha sara mbara, iguzogide mmetụta, na nnyefe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi. Data Meiyu na-akwadokwa nnyocha ihu igwe, na-enye ndụmọdụ maka atụmatụ mgbanwe ogologo oge.
Ngwa ọhụrụ na China
China emepụtala usoro nlekota mmiri ozuzo zuru oke site na nlele aka ọdịnala ruo na ngwọta IoT dị mma, yana igwe nlele mmiri ozuzo na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke netwọkụ mmiri nwere ọgụgụ isi.
Netwọk Njikwa Idei Mmiri Dijitalụ
Sistemụ "Dijitalụ Levee" nke Xiuzhou District na-egosi ngwa ọgbara ọhụrụ. Site na ijikọta ihe nlele mmiri ozuzo na ihe mmetụta mmiri ndị ọzọ, ọ na-ebugo data kwa nkeji ise na ikpo okwu njikwa. "Na mbụ, anyị ji aka tụọ mmiri ozuzo site na iji silinda ndị a gbazere agbaze - adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma dị ize ndụ n'abalị. Ugbu a, ngwa mkpanaka na-enye data zuru oke na mpaghara ahụ," ka Jiang Jianming, osote onye isi nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọrụ Ugbo nke Wangdian Town kwuru. Nke a na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ilekwasị anya na usoro ndị dị mkpa dịka nyocha mmiri, na-eme ka arụmọrụ nzaghachi idei mmiri dịkwuo mma site na ihe karịrị 50%.
Na Tongxiang City, sistemụ "Smart Waterlogging Control" na-ejikọta data sitere na ọdụ telemetry 34 yana amụma ọkwa mmiri nke awa 72 nke AI na-akwado. N'oge Meiyu nke afọ 2024, o wepụtara akụkọ mmiri ozuzo 23, ịdọ aka ná ntị idei mmiri 5, na ịdọ aka ná ntị mmiri 2, na-egosi ọrụ dị mkpa nke hydrology dị ka "anya na ntị" nke njikwa idei mmiri. Data nke mita mita na-emeju ihe nlele radar/satellite, na-emepụta usoro nlekota ọtụtụ akụkụ.
Ngwa Nchekwa na Ọrụ Ugbo
N'ịhazi akụrụngwa mmiri, Ọdọ Mmiri Sanduxi nke Yongkang na-eji ihe nlele akpaaka na alaka ọwa mmiri asatọ tinyere nha aka iji mee ka ịgba mmiri ka mma. "Usoro ijikọta na-eme ka a na-enye mmiri ezi uche dị na ya ebe ọ na-eme ka akpaaka nlekota dịkwuo mma," ka onye njikwa Lou Qinghua kọwara. Data mmiri ozuzo na-agwa kpọmkwem usoro ịgba mmiri na nkesa mmiri.
N'oge mmalite nke afọ 2025 na Meiyu, Ụlọ Ọrụ Sayensị Mmiri nke Hubei jiri usoro amụma idei mmiri n'oge ahụ nke na-ejikọta amụma ihu igwe awa 24/72 na data ebe a na-echekwa mmiri. Site n'ịkpalite ihe ngosi oké ifufe 26 ma na-akwado nzukọ mberede ise, ntụkwasị obi nke sistemụ ahụ dabere na nha nha mmiri kpọmkwem.
Ọganihu Teknụzụ
Ihe nyocha mmiri ozuzo nke oge a gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa:
- Nha Ngwakọta: Ijikọta ihe eji atụnye ihe na ụkpụrụ ịtụnye ihe iji nọgide na-enwe izi ezi n'ofe ike (0.1-300mm/h), na-edozi mmiri ozuzo Meiyu na-agbanwe agbanwe.
- Nhazi Ịsacha Onwe Onye: Ihe mmetụta Ultrasonic na mkpuchi hydrophobic na-egbochi mkpokọta ihe mkpofu - dị oke mkpa n'oge oké mmiri ozuzo Meiyu. Ụlọ ọrụ Oki Electric nke Japan na-akọ na 90% nke mmezi na sistemụ ndị dị otú ahụ belatara.
- Ngụkọta Edge: Nhazi data dị na ngwaọrụ na-enyocha mkpọtụ ma chọpụta ihe ndị dị oke njọ na mpaghara, na-eme ka a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi ọbụlagodi na nsogbu netwọk.
- Njikọta Ọtụtụ Parameters: Ebe ndị mejupụtara South Korea na-atụle mmiri ozuzo yana iru mmiri/okpomọkụ, na-eme ka amụma ala ọma jijiji metụtara Meiyu ka mma.
Ihe ịma aka na ntụziaka maka ọdịnihu
N'agbanyeghị ọganihu, ihe mgbochi ka dị:
- Ọnọdụ Dị Oke: "Meiyu nke na-eme ihe ike" nke afọ 2024 na Anhui karịrị ikike ụfọdụ gauges nke 300mm/h
- Njikọta Data: Sistemụ dị iche iche na-egbochi amụma idei mmiri n'ofe mpaghara.
- Mkpuchi Ime Obodo: Ebe ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ enweghị ebe nlekota zuru oke
Ngwọta ndị na-apụta ọhụrụ gụnyere:
- Igwe eji arụ ọrụ maka igwe eji draịn: MWR nke China nwalere igwe eji arụ ọrụ maka ụgbọ elu UAV maka nnyefe ngwa ngwa n'oge idei mmiri nke afọ 2025.
- Nkwenye Blockchain: Ọrụ nnwale na Zhejiang na-eme ka data ghara ịgbanwe agbanwe maka mkpebi dị mkpa
- Amụma nke AI Kwadoro: Ụdị ọhụrụ nke Shanghai na-ebelata mkpu ụgha site na 40% site na mmụta igwe
Ka mgbanwe ihu igwe na-akawanye njọ, mgbanwe Meiyu ga-achọ ihe ndị a:
- Mbelata ike (IP68 na-egbochi mmiri, -30°C ~ 70°C ọrụ)
- Oke nha sara mbara (0~500mm/h)
- Njikọ siri ike na netwọk IoT/5G
Dịka onye nduzi Jiang si kwuo: “Ihe malitere dị ka nha mmiri ozuzo dị mfe aghọwo ntọala maka nchịkwa mmiri nwere ọgụgụ isi.” Site na njikwa idei mmiri ruo na nyocha ihu igwe, ihe nlele mmiri ozuzo ka bụ ngwaọrụ dị mkpa maka iguzogide na mpaghara mmiri ozuzo plum.
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Oge ozi: Jun-25-2025