1. Nkọwa teknụzụ na ọrụ ndị bụ isi
Ihe mmetụta ala bụ ngwaọrụ nwere ọgụgụ isi nke na-enyocha paramita gburugburu ala n'oge a na-ahụ anya site na iji usoro anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ. Isi akụkụ nlekota ya gụnyere:
Nleba anya mmiri: ọdịnaya mmiri volumetric (VWC), ikike matrix (kPa)
Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ: Nhazi eletriki (EC), pH, ikike REDOX (ORP)
Nyocha ihe oriri: ọdịnaya nitrogen, phosphorus na potassium (NPK), ntinye ihe ndị dị ndụ
Paramita Thermodynamic: profaịlụ okpomọkụ ala (nhazi gradient 0-100cm)
Ihe ngosi ihe ndị dị ndụ: Ọrụ nje (ọnụego iku ume CO₂)
Nke abụọ, nyocha nke teknụzụ mmetụta isi ihe
Ihe mmetụta mmiri
Ụdị TDR (ntụgharị uche ngalaba oge): nha oge mgbasa nke ebili elektrọnik (izizi ± 1%, oke 0-100%)
Ụdị FDR (mgbanwe ngalaba ugboro ugboro): Nchọpụta ikike ikike capacitor (ọnụ ahịa dị ala, achọrọ nhazi mgbe niile)
Nyocha Neutron: Ọnụọgụ neutron nke hydrogen na-edozi (izizi ọkwa ụlọ nyocha, ikike radieshon dị mkpa)
Nnyocha mejupụtara ọtụtụ paramita
Ihe mmetụta 5-n'ime-1: Mmiri + EC+ okpomọkụ + pH+ Nitrogen (nchekwa IP68, nguzogide nchara saline-alkali)
Sensọ Spectroscopic: Nchọpụta ihe dị n'ime infrared (NIR) dị nso n'ebe ihe ndị dị ndụ dị (oke nchọpụta 0.5%)
Ihe ọhụrụ a rụpụtara na teknụzụ
Elektrọd nanotube kabọn: Mkpebi nha EC ruo 1μS/cm
Mkpọchi Microfluidic: Sekọnd 30 iji mezue nchọpụta ngwa ngwa nke nitrogen nitrate
Nke atọ, ọnọdụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na uru data
1. Njikwa kpọmkwem nke ọrụ ugbo mara mma (ubi ọka na Iowa, USA)
Atụmatụ ntinye:
Otu ebe nlekota profaịlụ kwa hekta iri (20/50/100cm nke ọkwa atọ)
Njiko ikuku (LoRaWAN, anya nnyefe 3km)
Mkpebi amamihe dị na ya:
Ihe na-akpalite ịgba mmiri: Malite ịgba mmiri ntapu mgbe VWC ruru 18% na omimi 40cm
Nkọcha njikọta: Mgbanwe mgbanwe nke itinye nitrogen n'ọrụ dabere na ọdịiche uru EC nke ±20%
Data uru:
Nchekwa mmiri 28%, ọnụego ojiji nitrogen mụbara 35%
Mmụba nke tọn 0.8 nke ọka kwa hekta
2. Nlekota njikwa ọzara (Ọrụ Mweghachi Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Sahara)
Usoro ihe mmetụta:
Nlekọta tebụl mmiri (piezoresist, oke 0-10MPa)
Nlekota ihu nnu (nnyocha EC dị elu nke nwere oghere elektrọd 1mm)
Ụdị ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ:
Ndepụta nke ọzara = 0.4×(EC>4dS/m)+0.3×(ihe ndị dị ndụ <0.6%)+0.3×(ọdịnaya mmiri <5%)
Mmetụta ọchịchị:
Mkpuchi akwụkwọ nri mụbara site na 12% ruo 37%
Mbelata 62% na nnu dị n'elu ala
3. Ịdọ aka ná ntị gbasara ọdachi ala (Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan Landscape Monitoring Network)
Sistemụ nlekota:
Ndagwurugwu dị n'ime: ihe mmetụta nrụgide mmiri oghere (oke 0-200kPa)
Mgbanwe elu: MEMS dipmeter (mkpebi 0.001°)
Algọridim ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ:
Mmiri ozuzo dị oke njọ: oke mmiri ozuzo karịrị 85% na mmiri ozuzo kwa elekere karịrị 30mm
Ọnụego Mbugharị: awa atọ n'usoro >5mm/h mkpu uhie na-akpalite
Nsonaazụ mmejuputa:
A dọrọ aka ná ntị na ala ọma jijiji atọ ga-eme n'afọ 2021 nke ọma.
E belatara oge nzaghachi mberede ruo nkeji iri na ise
4. Ndozi nke ebe ndị ruru unyi (Ọgwụgwọ nke ọla dị arọ na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ Ruhr, Germany)
Atụmatụ nchọpụta:
Ihe mmetụta ọkụ ọkụ XRF: Nchọpụta Lead/cadmium/Arsenic in situ (izizi ppm)
Usoro REDOX nwere ike: Nlekota usoro ọgwụgwọ bioremediation
Njikwa ọgụgụ isi:
A na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ ahụ rụọ ọrụ mgbe njupụta arsenic dara n'okpuru 50ppm
Mgbe ike ya karịrị 200mV, ntụtụ nke onye na-enye eletrọn na-akwalite mmebi nje bacteria
Data nchịkwa:
E belatara mmetọ lead site na 92%
E belatara okirikiri ndozi site na 40%
4. Usoro evolushọn teknụzụ
Mbelata na nhazi
Ihe mmetụta Nanowire (<100nm na dayameta) na-enye ohere nlekota mpaghara mgbọrọgwụ osisi otu otu
Akpụkpọ eletrọnịkị na-agbanwe agbanwe (agbatị 300%) NA-ADỊGHỊ AZỤZỤ n'ala
Njikọ nghọta dị iche iche
Mgbanwe udidi ala site na ebili mmiri acoustic na eletriki conductivity
Usoro nnwale nke usoro mkpali okpomọkụ nke njikwa mmiri (izi ezi ± 5%)
AI na-ahazi nyocha ọgụgụ isi
Netwọk akwara Convolutional na-achọpụta ụdị ala (izizi 98%)
Ejima dijitalụ na-eme ka njem nri sikwuo ike
5. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe: Ọrụ nchekwa ala ojii na Northeast China
Netwọk nlekota:
Ihe mmetụta 100,000 na-ekpuchi nde eka 5 nke ala ubi
E guzobere nchekwa data 3D nke "mmiri, ọmụmụ na ịdị nro" n'ime oyi akwa ala 0-50cm
Amụma nchekwa:
Mgbe ihe ndị dị ndụ erughị 3%, ọ dị mkpa ka a tụgharịa ahịhịa miri emi.
Njupụta ala karịrị 1.35g/cm³ na-akpali ọrụ nke ala dị n'okpuru ala
Nsonaazụ mmejuputa:
Ọnụego mfu nke oyi akwa ala ojii ahụ belatara site na 76%
Mkpụrụ nke soybean kwa mu mụbara site na 21%
Mmụba nke nchekwa kabọn site na tọn 0.8/hekta kwa afọ
Mmechi
Site na "ọrụ ugbo empirical" ruo "ọrụ ugbo data," ihe mmetụta ala na-agbanwe ụzọ ụmụ mmadụ si agwa ala okwu. Site na njikọta miri emi nke usoro MEMS na teknụzụ Intanet nke Ihe, nlekota ala ga-enweta ọganihu na mkpebi oghere nanoscale na nzaghachi oge nkeji n'ọdịnihu. Iji zaa ajụjụ ndị dị ka nchekwa nri zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi, "ndị nche" ndị a liri n'ime mmiri ga-anọgide na-enye nkwado data dị mkpa ma kwalite njikwa na njikwa ọgụgụ isi nke sistemụ elu ụwa.
Oge ozi: Febụwarị-17-2025